The principles set out in this chapter shall apply to the rights, freedoms and
guarantees and to fundamental rights of a similar nature that are established
in the Constitution or are enshrined in law or international conventions.
Article 28
(Legal force)
1. The constitutional principles regarding fundamental rights, freedoms and
guarantees are directly applicable to, and binding upon, all public and private
entities.
2. The state must adopt legislative initiatives and other appropriate measures to
ensure the gradual and effective realisation of economic, social and cultural
rights, in accordance with the available resources.
Article 29
(Access to law and effective judicial protection)
1. Everyone shall be ensured access to the law and the courts in order to defend
their legally protected rights and interests, and justice shall not be denied to
anyone due to a lack of financial means.
2. Under the terms of the law, everyone shall possess the right to legal
information and advice, to legal counsel and to be accompanied by a lawyer
before any authority.
3. The law shall define and ensure adequate protection for the secrecy of legal
proceedings.
4. Everyone shall have the right to secure a ruling in any suit to which he is a
party within a reasonable period of time and by means of a fair process.
5. For the purpose of safeguarding personal rights, freedoms and guarantees, the
law shall ensure citizens judicial proceedings that are characterised by
swiftness and given priority, in order to secure effective and timely judicial
protection against any threats or violations of these rights.
CHAPTER II
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, FREEDOMS AND GUARANTEES
SECTION I
INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
Article 30
(Right to life)
The state shall respect and protect human life, which is inviolable.
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