and except with his own consent the trial shall not take place in
his absence unless he so conducts himself as to render the
continuance of the proceedings in his presence impracticable
and the court has ordered him to be removed and the trial to
proceed in his absence.
(3) When a person is tried for any criminal offence, the accused person
or any person authorised by him in that behalf shall, if he so requires and
subject to payment of such reasonable fee as may be prescribed by law,
be given within a reasonable time after judgement a copy for the use of
the accused person of any record of the proceedings made by or on
behalf of the court.
(4) A person shall not be held to be guilty of a criminal offence on
account of any act or omission that did not, at the time it took place,
constitute such an offence, and a penalty shall not be imposed for any
criminal offence that is severer in degree or description than the
maximum penalty that might have been imposed for that offence at the
time it was committed.
(5) A person who shows that he has been tried by a competent court for
a criminal offence and either convicted or acquitted shall not again be
tried for that offence or for any other criminal offence of which he could
have been convicted at the trial for that offence, except upon the order of
a superior court in the course of appeal or review proceedings relating to
the conviction or acquittal.
(6) A person shall not be tried for a criminal offence if he shows that he
has been pardoned for that offence.
(7) A person who is tried for a criminal offence shall not be compelled
to give evidence at the trial.
(8) A person shall not be convicted of a criminal offence unless that
offence is defined and the penalty is prescribed in a written law:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall prevent a court of record from
punishing any person for contempt of itself notwithstanding that the act
or omission constituting the contempt is not defined in a written law and