Article 115: The natural or nominal person who undertakes the initial record of assembled animated images accompanied or not with sounds shall be considered a producer of audio and video recording in accordance with Article 107 herein. Article 116: The producer of audio-video recording shall have the right to license, as per terms specified in a written contract, the reproduction of his audio-video recording and notify it to the public by whatever means subject to the copyrights of works included in the audio-video recording. Upon his assignment, the producer of audio-video recordings may not separate between his rights in the audio-video recording and the rights he obtains from authors and performers who perform or play works established in the audio-video recording. Article 117: The entity which broadcasts, by any of wireless transmission methods, signals bearing sounds or sounds and images or distributes them by optical wire or fiber or any other cable for the purpose of receiving programs broadcasted to the public shall be considered an audio or audio-video broadcasting organization in accordance with Article 107 herein. Article 118: The audio-video broadcasting organization shall have the right to license, as per terms specified in a written contract, rebroadcasting and establishing record of its broadcasted shares, reproducing its established broadcasted shares and notifying its televised shares to the public, subject to the copyrights of works included in the programs. Article 119: The performer or musician and producer of audio recording shall be entitled to a reward when he uses an audio recording published for business purposes or a copy thereof directly for audio or audio-video broadcasting or to convey it to the public by any means. The National Bureau of Copyrights and Neighboring Rights shall collect the royalty incurred due to the reward entitlement in favor of the performer or musician and producer of audio recordings from audio or audio-video broadcasting organizations or users concerned with their performances. The royalty that covers all relevant utilization forms shall be usually calculated in proportion to revenues of utilizing performances produced by the rights owner. Moreover, it shall be arbitrarily calculated in the cases provided for in Article 65 herein. The terms of royalty calculation and level shall be determined by a decision of the Minister of Culture after consultation with the representative of relevant rights owner. The royalty shall be distributed at 50% to the performer or musician and 50% to the audio recording producer. Chapter Two Exceptions and Neighboring Rights Limits Article 120: The prior license rights recognized for the performer or musician, producer of audio or audio-video recordings and audio or audio-video broadcasting organizations shall be subject to the same exceptions associated with the author’s exclusive rights provided for in Articles 2940 herein.