Statutory instrument It is a subsdiary law issued by a Minister or authority empowered to do so by law e.g by laws, ordinances, rules, regulations etc. Surcharge An additional tax, charge or cost, that one must pay in addition to the usual tax or price. Tenure The period of time when someone holds an office. Treason The crime of being disloyal to one’s country or government, especially by helping its enemies or trying to take over government using violence. Treaties, conventions, agreements or arrangements A formal written agreement between two or more countries or governments or between a government and an international organisation. Universal adult suffrage It is a right of all adult persons to vote. Unlimited original jurisdiction Original jurisdiction means a court’s power to hear and decide a matter before any other court can review it. Unlimited jurisdiction means jurisdiction that is not confined to a particular type of case. Validity The state of being legally or officially acceptable. v