materials would be gagging her and preventing her from doing her work as a journalist and was contrary to
the Constitution. She did not deliver anything and insisted on retaining one DVD copy.
She reiterated her resolve to get the story out there as it was important. She said:
"I give you my undertaking that not a single minute of the SABC footage will be used for the film that I am now
planning and that the story will be considerably different to the one made for the public broadcaster."
Defences and counterapplications
[12] The first and second respondents have raised a number of defences and counterapplications: The defences
are:
(a)
the applicant has failed to establish a right entitling it to the distribution interdict;
(b)
the applicant has failed to demonstrate a reasonable apprehension of irreparable harm;
(c)
the applicant has alternative remedies to an interdict;
(d)
the applicant is not entitled to the delivery interdict as Vollenhoven has tendered or returned the
materials; the materials do not exist;
(e)
properly interpreted the Act and/or the agreement entitles the producer to keep a single copy;
(f)
the Act must be interpreted to imply an exploitation exception alternatively it is constitutionally invalid to
this extent as a violation of freedom of expression of the maker and an exploitation exception should be
read into section 24 of the Act.
The counterapplications are:
(g)
a review is sought of the applicant's decision: (i) not to broadcast the work and (ii) not to negotiate the
sale of the work to the maker, alternatively declaring that these decisions are in breach of the TPC
agreement;
(h)
a contractual claim that if the plaintiff does not broadcast the work, it must negotiate in good faith to
sell it to the producer.
Page 630 of [2016] 4 All SA 623 (GJ)
The TPC agreement
[13] The salient features of the TPC agreement germane to the issues should be set out. The first aspect is
ownership and copyright. Clause 8 vests ownership in the applicant of "all physical manufactured or acquired
material in creating the programme" and clause 21 vests ownership in "all video material and material made
by and/or recorded for the Production" and the copyright as well as an array of intellectual property rights
therein. This repeated [sic] in Schedule V clause 2.1. The second aspect is editorial control. Clause 18 states:
"The SABC shall have final editorial control over the Production and any episode thereof, if applicable, for production
and broadcast. In the event that the production or any part of the production, . . . in the exclusive opinion of the
SABC, contravene . . . the SABC's broadcasting mandate, standard broadcasting rules, practices and procedures,
then SABC may refuse to broadcast the Production . . . "
Clauses 18.1 and 18.2 obligated the applicant to consult with the Producer to establish the extent to which
the scripts are defective and to give bona fide consideration to the views of the producer. Schedule V clause
1.1.1 provides that standard of technical and artistic acceptability is entirely within the discretion of the
applicant to determine. Clause 19 provides: "In the event that the producer fails to implement the changes as
requested by the SABC, the SABC shall not be obliged to either broadcast and/or pay for such production."
Delivery is regulated under Schedule V clause 3.1: "The Producer shall deliver to the SABC a completed
product . . . and as part thereof also the final graded transmission prints, or were [sic] applicable, the final
transmission tapes, the final mixed magnetic soundtracks of the Production, trailers (where applicable) the
master negative or positive (where applicable) . . . completed final control sheets, off cuts photographs and all
relevant documentation required by the contract . . . ". Schedule V clause 2.8 requires the producer to furnish
the applicant with copies of the music cue sheets, original consent sheets and licences. The resale of the work
is contemplated under the circumstances in Schedule V clause 12.7:
"If, after two years calculated from the date of final delivery and acceptance of the production by the SABC, the
SABC has not broadcast the production for reasons within the control of the SABC, then the Producer shall be entitled
to enter into negotiations with regard to the Production. In such event the SABC shall negotiate with the Producer in
good faith."
Material provisions of the Copyright Act
[14] The statutory rights created by the Act and which are in issue, provide the following: Exclusive rights acquired
in a cinematograph film are wide ranging and are explicitly listed in section 8(1) of the Act. These include the
right to reproduce the film, causing the film to be publicly shown, broadcasting, and make adaptations. Section
3(1)(b) confers copyright on an author who is a qualified person, which includes in the case of a juristic
person, being incorporated under the laws of the Republic. Ownership of such copyright conferred in terms of
section 3 vests in the author of the work. Section 1(d) defines the author in relation to a cinematograph film
as "the person by whom the arrangements for the making of the film were made".
Page 631 of [2016] 4 All SA 623 (GJ)