"It would appear, however, from the following passage from the judgment of Wessels J in Policansky Bros v
Hermann and Canard, 1910 TPD 1265 at pp 12789, that in the field of trade marks our law recognises
acquiescence as a defence distinct from that of estoppel:
'The equitable principle that if a person lies by with a full knowledge of his rights and of the infringement
of those rights, he is precluded from afterwards asserting them, has been adopted by our Courts. It
forms a branch of the law of dolus malus. The principle of lying by is not unknown to the civil law, though
its application is not so often met with in our system of law as it is in English law. Sometimes the rights
are lost through mere acquiescence, at other times by estoppel, as where the element of prejudice
exists in addition to acquiescence. Thus acquiescence can be proved by definite acts or by conduct.'
Page 657 of [2012] 1 All SA 636 (WCC)
Whether an applicant can be said to have acquiesced in the conduct complained of, is a question of fact.
. . .Acquiescence is, in my view, a form of tacit consent, and in this regard it must, however, be borne in mind
that, as Watermeyer CJ said in Collen v Rietfontein Engineering Works, 1948 (1) SA 413 (AD) at p 422:
'Quiescence is not necessarily acquiescence,' = and that
'conduct to constitute an acceptance, must be an unequivocal indication to the other party of such
acceptance'."
(c)
The applicants deny that they have acquiesced in the infringement of the Adidas 3stripe trade mark or
in the passing off by others of their products as being those of the applicants or as being in some way
connected with the applicants.
(d)
Applicants submitted that it is clear that they have at no time unequivocally or in any other way
indicated to the respondent that it has accepted the conduct complained of in the present application.
[45] There is no evidence of actual confusion
The respondent raises the issue of there not being evidence of actual confusion between the shoes of the
applicants and those of the respondents. Proof of "actual confusion" is often not available to an applicant
claiming statutory trade mark infringement or passingoff relief (See Adidas Sportschuhfabriken Adi D Dassler KG
v Harry Walt and Co (Pty) Ltd 1976 (1) SA 530 (T) at 540A). In Webster and Page South African Law of Trade
marks § 6.6.8 at 616(1), § 7.17, at 719, § 15.24 at 1539), the authors say that evidence of actual confusion
carry considerable weight. In the case of John Craig Ltd v Dupa Clothing Industries (Pty) Ltd (supra), it was said
that such evidence makes Court's task easier but it is not essential.
[46] Applicant, however, commissioned a market research survey which did not produce, even a statistical sample
of potential customers that identified or confused 2 or 4 stripe shoes with those of Adidas. The survey elicited
the response from 2177 people that the reason why it is an Adidas shoe is because it has 3 stripes and 4675
people mentioned the 3 stripes as the reason for spontaneously identifying the shoe as Adidas.
[47] It was possible for the applicants to attempt to prove actual confusion in the market by showing people at the
survey, the respondent's shoes as well but the survey that the applicants commissioned did not intend to do
so. It is, accordingly, a shortcoming in applicant's case which they chose not to address therefore they cannot
now allege that actual confusion is difficult to prove.
IV The respondent's counterapplication for the registration of a disclaimer in respect of the registered trade
marks
[48] By way of a counterapplication, the respondent seeks an order that a disclaimer or memorandum be entered
on the register of trade mark against each of the registered trade marks that:
"Registration of this trade mark shall give no right to the exclusive use of parallel and equidistant stripes upon the
goods other than three such equidistant stripes as depicted."
[49] The relief sought by the respondent in the counterapplication is also by way of defence in the main
application.
Page 658 of [2012] 1 All SA 636 (WCC)
[50] In his affidavit filed in support of the counterapplication, Mr Pienaar states that the grounds on which the
order in the counterapplication is sought are fully set out in his answering affidavit in the main application
and the annexures thereto and asks that answering affidavit together with supporting affidavits serve as the
founding affidavit in the counterapplication and that the allegations set out in his answering affidavit be
regarded as incorporated in the affidavit filed in support of the counterapplication by reference.
[51] In his answering affidavit in the main application, Mr Pienaar submits that it is in the interests of all traders in
class 25, including the respondent, for the integrity of the trade marks registered to be secured, in the face of,
what he refers to as, "the applicants abuse", by the entry of the disclaimer sought in the counter application.
[52] It seems that the alleged "abuse" by the applicants referred to by the respondent are the following:
(a)
The alleged attempt by the applicants to reassert a monopoly beyond its lawful limitations;
(b)
The alleged "cherry picking" of the respondent as a target in this process;
(c)
The alleged anticompetitive nature of the applicants' conduct.
[53] Section 15 of the Act reads as follows:
"15
Registration subject to disclaimer