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that Levi Strauss could not succeed because it did not place sufficient evidence before the Registrar of its
intention to use the marks at the date of its applications. In this regard he drew a comparison between the
facts of this case and those of Victoria's Secrets (supra) at 754FH. I do not intend to analyse the facts for the
simple reason that the question of Levi Strauss's intention was never a matter in contention. As is required, its
application forms contain the allegation of the necessary intention. Neither in Mr Nathoo's statement of case
nor in any of his evidence was the allegation disputed, not even by implication. All that was raised was the
question of Levi Strauss's prior use of the marks, something never relied upon by it. Levi Strauss was therefore
not called upon to deal with the matter and the Full Court was not entitled to base part of its reasoning
thereon.
[13] Counsel further argued that the evidence establishes that Coconut is entitled to the mark because of its use of
the mark antedating Levi Strauss's applications. For this he relied on a bald statement in Mr Nathoo's affidavit
that the company caused small quantities of Dockers Tshirts to be imported
Page 6 of [2001] 4 All SA 1 (A)
into South Africa "from about 1988". The year 1988 is convenient because it is before 9 August 1989, the date
of the Levi Strauss applications. But, "from about 1988" does not necessarily mean during 1988 or even before
Levi Strauss's date in 1989. In addition, the opposition to Levi Strauss's applications was never premised upon
prior use by Coconut. When asked for discovery, Mr Nathoo declined to produce any documents relating to
importation or sales because they were, having regard to the issues in the case, irrelevant. The belated
attempt during argument to amend the statement of case at the conclusion of argument in this Court cannot
change the nature of the case and make issues out of nonissues. Lastly, Coconut never intended to use the
mark as its proprietor; at best it was used as result of an implied licence from Mr Nathoo. Whether such use
can found a claim to proprietorship is unclear.
[14] It follows that the appeal has to succeed. I have not dealt with the dismissal with costs of Levi Strauss's cross
appeal by the Full Court. The object of the crossappeal was to undo the findings of the Registrar in relation to
the substitution. The crossappeal was out of order because the Registrar was not called upon nor did he
make an order in this regard. However, because of the improper manner in which the substitution had been
obtained, I do not intend ordering Levi Strauss to pay these costs. In the result:
(1) the appeal is upheld with costs, including the costs of two counsel;
(2) the order of the court a quo is set aside and substituted with an order dismissing the appeal and cross
appeal and ordering the appellant (Coconut) to pay the costs.
(Schutz, Farlam, Mthiyane JJA and Chetty AJA concurred in the judgment of Harms JA.)
For the appellant:
CE Puckrin SC and T Plewman instructed by Webber Wentzel Bowens, Johannesburg
For the respondent:
O Salmon instructed by Macrobert De Villiers, Lunnon & Tindall, Pretoria